Effects of annealing temperature on structural phase transition and microstructure evolution of hydrothermally synthesized barium titanate nanoparticles

Abstract Commercial hydrothermally synthesized BaTiO 3 powder with a cubic structure was annealed in temperature range of 650 °C–900 °C, and the cubic-tetragonal transition microstructure evolution were investigated relation to annealing process. The used had below an 800 °C tetragonal above 850 °C. Particle growth occurred under low activation energy ∼33.2 kJ mol −1 because nanocrystalline size effect, while crystallite slightly decreased sharply increased that structure. This OH group influenced lattice extension on particle surface. stabilized reduced crystal ordering, which retarded size. When increased, intrinsic strain enhanced tetragonality as result removal group.